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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">清明是我国二十四节气之一,也是我国民间的传统节日。清明一词</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1936</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">年版</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">辞源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">的解释是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">三月节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">",</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">古书《月令七十二候集解》中曰:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">三月节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">……</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">物至此时,皆以洁齐而清明矣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">到了清明时节,我国的黄河中下游及其以南的广大地区,其平均气温一般都在</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="10" unitname="℃"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">℃</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">以上。因而,我国的大部分地区就气候变暖,草木青茂,一扫入冬以来的寒冷枯索景象,呈现出一派生机勃发、清丽温馨的春色春光。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">这里的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">就是节气的节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">节气一词按</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">玉海</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">>(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">算是古代的辞源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">的说法是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">五日为一侯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">三侯为一气</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">故一岁有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">气</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">每月二气</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">在月首为节气</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">在月中为中气</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">."</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">从前的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">节气是慢慢运用到生活实际中去的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">在春秋时期,《吕氏春秋》就只记载了八个节气--立春、春分、立夏、夏至、立秋、秋分、立冬、冬至。西汉《淮南子》一书中首次完整地记载了廿四节气。在西汉初年的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">礼月令疏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">中以惊蜇为正月中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">清明为二月中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">后汉刘歆作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">三统历</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">以惊蜇为二月节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">今历以清明为三月节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">谷雨为三月中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">以后每个朝代都按照当时对天文学的了解(特别是对太阳运动的了解)修改历法并颁布民间施行。清朝顺治年间西方科学家汤若望(汉名,在清朝任官职)曾在奏张中说到节气反映太阳活动的规律同时也是观察总结了北方地区物候变化规律所致</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">如果节气安排的时间不对,则太阳起落的时间、昼夜的长短都会引起混乱,现在的节气安排只是考虑了北方,即便是在北方各地的同一节气,也会相差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1-2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">天,中国幅员广大,这种混乱影响人民起居生产</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">……”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">我们可以通过不同地区不同的农谚,来看到同一节气在全国各地的气候和物候上的差别。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">华北、华中地区:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">清明断雪,谷雨断霜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">;东北西北和内蒙古各地:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">清明断雪不断雪,谷雨断霜不断霜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">;黄河中下游地区:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">柳近清明翠缕长,多情右衮不相忘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">;江南地区:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">清明时节雨纷纷,路上行人欲断魂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">;岭南地区:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">梅熟迎时雨,苍茫值小春</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">;河西走廊:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">绝域阳关道,胡沙与塞尘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">从根本上讲,二十四节气是阳历,节气是由地球公转时所在的位置确定的。地球公转一周为黄经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">360</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">度,当地球到达黄经零度时定为春分,而后每运行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">15</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">度有一个节气,共有廿四节气。因此,节气在阳历上的日期是固定的,由于闰年的原因,最多相差两天。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">农历是反映物候变化、指导农时的阴阳历,它还结合了阴历--月相</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">29.5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">天的周期(一次满月到下一次满月的时间间隔)。一年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">12</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">个月,每月却是以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">30</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">为基本天数,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">节气中,立春是一年的开始,但是,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">百年难遇岁朝春</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">,如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">年龙年除夕(</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="4" month="2" year="2001"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2001</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)适逢农历二十四节气中的立春。有报道说,从公元前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">221</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">年至今,在有据可查的两千余年间,龙年除夕巧逢立春的机会只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">次。(另注:清稗类钞</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">时令</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">篇中有乾隆朝三次出现此种<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="18" month="2" year="2007">正月初一</chsdate>为立春的记载)所以,简单地说,按照阴历,正月的第一天并非一定是立春节气,但按照阳历,立春的每年都在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">日。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">因为阴历纪月推算节气所在具体时间需要准确的天文知识和数学知识,所以,以前的历书所载各个节气发生的时间是要由国家颁布的(如立春精确到年月日时分秒),而且,不同的时代推算的规则有所不同,清史稿时宪志就用很长的篇幅和很多图形公式来说明当时的推算方法。一般所讲农历中节气的设置规律往往只是确定月首为节气,月中为中气,两个节气间隔是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">15</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">天是唯一可以供人推算的依据,节气歌也是一般人掌握节气规律的必学知识。稍微复杂一点的推算是习惯上以上一年的冬至(一年中太阳最低的时候)过了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">105</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">天就是寒食,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">106</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">天就是清明;现在按阳历计算就简单多了、可以固定在</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="5" month="4" year="2007"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">日(以当年二月平或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">29</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">日而差异)。从天文角度说,</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="5" month="4" year="2007"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">日视太阳(视太阳就是太阳在黄道上的位置)到达黄经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">15</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">度的时候。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">总之,四五清明说起来是一个农历的节气,但它是用阳历方法确定下来的日子,这个说法在使用公历以前是没有的。就好像说</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="21" month="3" year="2007"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">21</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">是春分,</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="23" month="6" year="2007"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">23</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">是夏至一样。用节气来反映太阳的运动规律是中国古人了不起的发明。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">
<br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">清明节有很多的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">政治</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">故事,比如,不知是有意还是无意,王宝森选择了在清明节自杀。北方民间有个讲究,说是清明节这天亡故的人,品行一定错不了(清明前一天的寒食节是纪念曾割下大腿肉为晋文公重耳充饥的介子推的)</span></p> |
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